Authors:

Melike Coskun

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About Paper:

Childhood obesity is a significant health issue in the U.S. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), data from 2017 to 2020 show that almost 1 in 5 children and adolescents were obese. In Alabama, the CDC reported that in 2023, nearly 2 in 5 people (39.2%) had obesity, ranking Alabama as the fifth highest state for obesity. Childhood obesity is linked to a wide range of health problems, including stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, asthma, depression, anxiety, chronic diseases, and increased morbidity later in life (Ayine et al., 2020). In 2019, the medical cost of obesity among children was $1.3 billion US dollars. Therefore, identifying the early life risk factors for childhood obesity is essential to implementing effective prevention. Most research has focused largely on identifying the risk factors for childhood obesity during early and late childhood, including high birth weight, excessive weight gain, shorter breastfeeding duration, problematic eating patterns, poor nutritional diet, lack of physical activity, poor sleep, and sociodemographic factors. However, emerging evidence highlights the importance of identifying the risk factors as early as prenatal periods. The primary aim of this literature review is to explore the perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity, with a specific focus on the mother's gestational weight gain or prior obesity, tobacco use, poor maternal nutrition and diet, sleep problems, lack of physical activity, and maternal psychological problems during pregnancy (Baidal et al., 2016; Córdoba-Rodríguez et al., 2022; Sacco et al., 2013; Qureshi et al., 2018). The literature review will be guided by the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework, which suggests that environmental factors during early life can permanently affect the onset of health problems by increasing the risk of diseases in later life (Lacagnina, 2019).

Source:

Auburn University / College of Human Sciences / 2025

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Co-authors:

Melike Coskun