Authors:

Ryan Mulcare

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Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Adaptive Immune Response against Salmonella: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a major non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS ) pathogen, primarily acquired through contaminated food or water, causing over 1.35 milli on infections annually in the United States. This pathogen utilizes its Type III Secretion Sys tem (T3SS) to introduce effector proteins that aid in invasion, infection, and survival within host cells, including phagocytes such as macrophages (MΦ). Salmonella-infected MΦs re lease small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that facilitate intercellular communication and hav e been known to play a role in immune responses. Previous proteomic studies by our gro up have identified the presence of Salmonella effector proteins, including SopB, CirA, a nd OmpA, within sEVs derived from Salmonella-infected MΦs. These antigens have shown potential immunogenic properties, making them prime candidates for further study. In t his study, recombinant SopB, CirA, and OmpA were cloned into E. coli BL21(DE3) competen t cells and purified using affinity chromatography. The purified proteins were integral to ev aluating the antigen-specific immune responses elicited by sEVs. Mice were immunized with sEVs derived from Salmonella-infected MΦs, followed by two booster doses. Humoral im mune responses were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), meas uring serum IgG production against LPS-treated Salmonella, followed by SopB, CirA, and OmpA, This study provided insight into the role of sEVs in inducing Salmonella-specific immune responses. Given that SopB and CirA have demonstrated protective antigenic properties and OmpA exhibits adjuvant-like effects, this work could inform future vaccine strategies leveraging sEVs to enhance immune protection against Salmonella infections.

Source:

University of Florida / Ryan Mulcare, Saloni Bhimani, Dr. Mariola Ferraro / 2024

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Co-authors:

Ryan Mulcare