Sponsor: Mccage Griffiths, Ph.D. Political Science In modern democracies like the United States (U.S.) and the United Kingdom (U.K.), immigration policy is a key issue in recent administrations. The relationship between dominant political party rhetoric and immigration is important to understand so voters can make informed decisions and recognize the impact this has on a vulnerable population. It is expected that ruling parties implement administrative rhetoric and policy that affects the immigration rate. Political right-wing parties tend to favor more restrictive immigration rhetoric, likely resulting in lower immigration rates. In comparison, the political left's inclusive rhetoric favors higher immigration rates. However, immigration rates may also be driven by international crisis variables like pandemics, war, and hostile governments. The strength of the relationship between administration rhetoric and immigration rates will provide insight into how parties in two similarly functioning modern democracies manipulate constituencies and commit to immigration policy platforms. This research gives voters and immigration advocates the confidence to make strategic political decisions as well as enhances academic knowledge by shaping understandings of political party behavior, how party rhetoric translates into policy outcomes, and provides insight into whether or not political parties follow platform promises with regard to immigration. Experimental Investigation of the Social and Ecological Effects of a Green Roof Environment on California Grassland Plants

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