MUHAMMAD
KHAN
Sponsor: Anna Denicol, Ph.D. Animal Science While most research of cultivated meat has been directed towards muscle differentiation, a robust method for adipose differentiation from pluripotent stem cells remains undefined. This study will focus on the effects of oleic acid on differentiation of bovine embryonic stem cells (bESC) into adipose tissue. Oleic acid is a naturally occurring Omega-9 fatty acid that accounts for the majority of the fatty acids found in bovine adipose tissue. Based on the literature describing differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells and ESC into adipocytes, we developed a similar protocol for use with bESC. Using a 22-day culture timeline, bESC will first be aggregated in embryoid bodies (EBs) and exposed to retinoic acid for 3 days (pre-differentiation step). At day 5, EBs will be transferred to maintenance medium for an additional 7 days. After 12 days, EBs will be transferred to an adipogenic cocktail. At this step, we will test different concentrations of oleic acid supplementation. Oleic acid has been shown to improve the efficiency of adipogenic differentiation in adult stem cells; therefore, by including oleic acid in the differentiation media we expect to see an increase in lipid accumulation via Oil-Red-O staining and expression of adipogenic transcript markers via RT-qPCR. Lipoprotein(a), Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Risk: Findings in the SUGAR Study
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MUHAMMAD KHAN
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Elevated levels of circulating fat protein complexes, including lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], are risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). While plasma Lp(a) levels are primarily genetically regulated by a size variation in the apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] gene, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been shown to influence Lp(a) levels. In this study, we investigated the associations between CKD, Lp(a) level, and apo(a) size in 98 individuals (n=37 control; n=58 CKD) enrolled in the Study of Glucose and Insulin in Renal Disease (SUGAR). Lp(a) concentrations were elevated in CKD [as defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2] patients vs controls across both, small and large apo(a) sizes; CKD patients with the greatest degree of kidney dysfunction (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) had 2.5 times elevated Lp(a) levels compared with controls [median (IQR): 20 mg/dL (8; 71) vs 8 mg/dL (3; 45)]. Among CKD patients, Lp(a) levels were higher in those with CVD (n=17) vs without CVD (n=37) [median (IQR): 26 (4; 73) vs 11 (4; 43) mg/dL]. In conclusion, CKD influences Lp(a) concentrations across a range of apo(a) sizes, and elevated Lp(a) are associated with CVD in CKD. Further studies are warranted to understand the underlying mechanism of CKD-induced increase in Lp(a) levels. Characterization of Actin-Microtubule Crosstalk via the Nuclear Envelope Protein Nespirin-2 Aisha Khan
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UC Davis / MED: Int Med - Endocrinology / 2023
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MUHAMMAD KHAN