Stefanie
Mutialu
Sponsor: Misty Humphries, M.D. MED: Surgery More than 200,000 abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are diagnosed each year in the US, a condition that becomes life- threatening if not identified and treated appropriately. Currently, the majority of primary healthcare providers adhere to the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) screening guidelines when evaluating patients for AAA, though up to 40% of patients miss these recommended screenings. We sought to use Natural Language Processing (NLP), a form of machine learning, to review patient imaging to improve identification of AAA. Across a large tertiary care system, 3859 patients with aneurysms (aortic dilation >3 cm) and ectasia (dilation between 2.5-3 cm) were identified by NLP. After exclusions, we evaluated demographic data for 1924 (55%) of these patients. Minorities represented 38% of aneurysms among patients under 65 years. Additionally, the average age at diagnosis in Hispanic patients was 50 compared to 59 in non- Hispanic patients. White and black patients were more likely to be captured by screening guidelines than Asian and Other patient groups, and Asian patients were significantly more likely to be diagnosed after 75. Incorporating NLP enhances screening practices and successful detection of aneurysms especially within minority populations more likely to be excluded by USPSTF screening guidelines. What Do We Remember From Narratives and Why Do We Remember It? A Signal Detection Study
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Authors:
Stefanie Mutialu
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Strategic messages are often developed to inform the public about important individual- and society-level health information. Narratives are commonly used to achieve this ambition. Narratives are presumed to be effective due their relative ease of processing and promotion of states which induce focused attention on story content. Surprisingly, however, few studies have systematically investigated what public health information people remember from a narrative, or why they remember it. Using signal detection measures, we discovered that people had better sensitivity (A') for health information in narratives that required less cognitive load to process. In our study, this meant that participants had better recognition memory for health messages that used simpler language rather than more complex language. Interestingly, language difficulty did not influence participant response bias (B"). One important goal of narrative health messages is to increase health knowledge, particularly in contexts where diseases are new, rare, or affect a certain group. Many of these efforts have relied on heuristics for what makes a "good" narrative where "good" is defined in terms of engagement or entertainment. Our study helps align the ambitions of narrative health messages (audience knowledge increase) with practical tips for accomplishing this ambition (use simpler language). A Study of Shock Layers in Viscous Flows Carlos Anthony Natividad
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UC Davis / Communication / 2023
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Stefanie Mutialu