Sponsor: Elisa Barbour, Ph.D. Inst Of Transportation Studies The State of California is facing simultaneous challenges in addressing climate change and a housing shortage. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and other land-use and transportation integrative solutions provide housing that reduces the need to drive and thus greenhouse gas emissions. California has implemented several policies and programs, including Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities, Regional Early Action Planning (REAP), Enhanced Infrastructure Finance Districts, and density bonus laws that can support land use and transportation integration. This project compared these four programs to understand how they differ in purpose, character, and scope, and to assess implications of these differences for the advancement of TOD. The research was conducted in three primary phases:  background analysis of guidelines for these programs; interviews with staff members from Metropolitan Planning Organizations, who oversee the REAP program, and with planners from the state's six "central cities" (San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Sacramento); and an analysis of results from a survey of local planning directors on transportation and land use connective programs. Initial results suggest that primary factors affecting land use transportation connection outcomes are the level of government programming and administering the program, allowed uses of funding, and policy objectives. In a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease, Fibrosis Develops in the Kidney but not in Skeletal Muscle

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