Authors:

Harrison Dear

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Vegetarians and vegans, in the present and for centuries globally, have had a myriad of reasons and ideological motivations behind their practices, including religious, disciplinary/ascetical, health-conscious, or ethical rationales. These motivating factors are not always distinct, and plant-based consumption often includes a plurality of these reasons. However, motivators can either be classified as 'human-centric' or 'animal-centric', with rationales derived from a desire to primarily improve oneself or a desire to prevent harm to animals. Vegetarianism and veganism in Poland arose in the late 1800s, with doctors and theorists like Konstanty Moes-Oskragietto, Apolinary Tarnawski, and Jézef Drzewiecki as influential pioneers, to name a few. Partition-era plant-promotion was often human-first within health-clinics and disciplinary movements. However, external-duty rhetoric was also emerging within ethical, literary, and spiritual circles. ~ A certain biocentric, ethical intensity exists in modern Poland, shown by groups like the Polish Party for Animal Protection (founded 2011, Otwarte Klatki (Open Cages, founded 2012), and Fundacja Viva! (Viva Foundation, founded 2000). These are vegetarian and vegan groups upheld by animal-first motivations. However, certainly in modern Poland, or the modern vegans or vegetarian spheres globally, plant consumption is still often promoted for health or discipline reasons. Thus, it is naive to just assume that proportionally, vegans and vegetarianism in Poland is more non-anthropocentric today than in previous eras. Polish vegans and vegetarians in key Partition-Era journals like Jarskie Zycie (Vegetarian Life) used diverse argumentations, including biocentric, animal-first rhetoric by some. Through content analysis through a corpora of literature, journals, and activist statements from past and present, this study answers if there is a significant proportional frequency in animal-first rhetoric among modern Polish vegans/vegetarians compared to Partition-era Poland. OOOOH OOOOH SO OLN OSSH SSO SCSH OCHS HT OCOSO TCC SSE COS SCO OCOO

Source:

Loyola University Chicago

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Co-authors:

Harrison Dear