Sabrina
Macias
Sponsor: Yuuko Tonkovich, Ph.D. Education Research shows that positive home literacy environments in early childhood can predict reading skills in later years for monolingual children. However, few studies have examined the longitudinal relations between early language and home environments and later reading skills among dual language learners (DLLs). Considering the importance of reading in academic success, more studies should explore the roles of early language and home environments. This study investigates the relationships between 42 DLLs' (30 Chinese-American, 12 Mexican-American) home literacy practices and vocabulary skills in preschool and their later reading skills in the early elementary years. Home literacy practices were collected from a parent-reported questionnaire about the frequency of storytelling, reading, and help with learning in both English and heritage language (HL). DLLs' vocabulary skills were measured using the Picture Vocabulary subtest of the Woodcock-Johnson IV. DLLs' reading skills were assessed using the Gray Oral Reading Tests. Preliminary results suggest that preschool English expressive vocabulary and HL exposure support later English reading skills. Home literacy practices in both English and HL are positively associated with later English reading proficiency. This study supports the use of both English and HL at home, leaving further implications for parents and teachers of DLLs. The Influence of Parent Pitch on Infant Vocabulary Size
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Authors:
Sabrina Macias
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Adults use a specific speaking style when speaking with infants. Infant-directed speech (IDS) often has a high pitch and a broader pitch range than speech directed to adults (e.g., Fernald et al., 1989).Parents might tend to place an emphasis on raising their pitch to support the children's processing of new words (e.g., Ma et al., 2011). This change in pitch may promote speech processing for word learning and support vocabulary development (Kalashnikova, 2018). This investigates the role of pitch in language acquisition. Is parent pitch in infant directed speech related to infants' vocabulary size? By testing 8- to 10- and 18- to 20-month-old English learners and their parents, we measure how parents talk to their infants versus other adults. We examine the characteristics of IDS while parents introduce a set of words during play-based interactions and compare these characteristics to the same words produced in adult-directed speech collected while parents interacted with an experimenter. Because pitch may affect infant attention and learning, we predict that parents who have a higher pitch in IDS may have infants with larger vocabularies than parents with lower pitch in IDS. The Relationship Between Callose and Cellulose Synthase During Cytokinesis Hoang Tuan Mai
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UC Davis / Psychology / 2023
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Sabrina Macias