Hailey
Burnette
Papers
26 Du Bois Scholars Program Who Watches the Assessors? Self-Dealing in Property Valuations
Abstract profile. Full document pending author claim.
Authors:
Hailey Burnette, Lauren Cohen
Date Created:
2025-01-01
Course Title:
Professor:
Not specified
About Paper:
The fairness and consistency of property tax assessments have processforpersonalbenefit, systematicallyundervaluingtheirown long been concerns in academic and policy discussions, especially properties relative to comparable homes in the same jurisdiction. regarding socioeconomic disparities and the quality of local As PRIMO fellows, we worked to expand the paper’s current data assessment practices. The calculated dues are a function of the set and replicated the study’s methodology in other states. Using property tax rate and the value of the property, the latter of whicharious methodologies, we collected historical data on property is determined by the appraisals of assessors. The office of an tax assessors in states across the United States. Subsequent cross- assessor requires a moral integrity to fairly assess the value of referencing of LexisNexis and Zillow databases confirmed the citizens’ properties, yet that integrity can be compromised by identity of these assessors and the relative growth of their property assessors who exploit their authority for their own benefit or the values over time. By exploring the extent to which assessors take detriment of others. Recent work by Professors Lauren Cohen advantage of their discretionary authority, we aim to open the and Huazhi Chen gathered evidence in Illinois to show that tax discussion to how decisions made with limited oversight may be assessors may exploit the discretion inherent in the valuation manipulated in other industries as well. Development of a National Workforce Survey on State and Local Employees Jonora A. Calixte, Jessica Lasky-Fink, Elizabeth Linos Howard University | Psychology and Criminology | 2027 The Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS) measured Key constructs guided the literature review process. Some perceptions of federal workers across the United States. Data of which included beliefs about the role of government, from the FEVS was used to support decisionmakers in government and academic research in exploring key causes and consequences belonging, workplaceexperience, organizationalcommitment, and of public employee engagement and wellbeing. Despite millions perceptions of public servants. For each construct of interest, a select number of items were chosen based on popularity in of employees working within state and local governments, their the literature and reported reliability across samples. Next perspectives have gone unexplored as no comparable survey steps include further condensing and reiterating survey items and to the FEVS currently exists for employees at the municipal eventually use pilot testing to measure for validity and reliability. level. Municipal governments face unique challenges and require empirical solutions tailored to their experiences. Two audiences could benefit from a National City Survey: city leaders and academics. Cities can use this data to measure areas To address this gap, we aim to develop the first National City Survey to capture data from a population wildly underrepresented of improvement and prioritize ways to further develop. Data from thesurveywillcontributetoacademicliteraturebyuncoveringnew on a national scale. The goal is to create an annual panel dataset insightsintosupportinggovernmentemployeesandultimatelyhelp to factor into policymaking decisions, personnel management themdeliverbetterservices. TheNationalCitySurveywillprovide strategies, and to support local and state public employees. A apathwayforcityemployeestoexpresstheirperspectivesthatthey literature review was conducted to create a preliminary survey questionbankusingsourcesfromacademicliteratureandreputable haven’t been able to before. non-academic publications. Sick Homes Silent Minds: Mold’s Neuroimmune Impact on Vulnerable Communities Joseph Carter, Gary Adamkiewicz Texas Southern University | History | 2027 Raised in Detroit, Michigan, the author endured years of irritant; it poses a serious threat to cognitive function, causes undiagnosed, debilitating flu-like symptoms, including chronic chronic inflammations, and exacerbates health disparities. fatigue, headaches, and respiratory complications. Learning The research also highlights emerging solutions: wearable these symptoms were potentially the result of mold exposure spore sensors, integrated neuroimmune testing, community mold sparked a deep interest in fully understanding its impact on the education, improved building regulations, and long-term studies. brain, body, and well-being. This interest focused particularly on mold’s capacity to disrupt neuroimmune health and impact These aim to enhance early detection and prevention and empower health inequities, as it disproportionately affects under-resourcedpeople to create safe living and learning environments. This work synthesizes lived experience and scientific inquiry, communities that may be largely hidden or ignored. This study analyzed over 100 scholarly articles to examine mold’s framing mold as a public health emergency. It issues a critical effects on the immune system and brain, exposure pathways, call to action to prioritize environmental justice and address the needs of vulnerable populations and translate research into direct, and at-risk groups — like college students and low-income positive change within the community. communities. Findings reveal that mold is more than a nasal Go Back and Get It: Curating from a Sankofa Perspective Nyla Cross, theo tyson Hampton University | Journalism/Communications | 2027 Current African-American cultural practices — music, dance, concept originating from Ghana’s Akan tribe. Its conceptual fashion, performance, art — are reminiscent of West African symbol is a bird craning its neck backward to reach for an egg, traditions. They stand as enduring reminders of heritage persistingfeet firmly planted in the present yet looking to the past for through forced arrival and subsequent enslavement in the United guidance. While the symbol has various translations, one of the States. Concepts of cultural continuity, retrieval and ancestral simplest is “go back and get it.” This “it” represents ancestral veneration permeate African-American lived experience and thus, knowledge and experiences that we carry forward to inform and its art. Viewing art through this lens allows for effective curatiocreate our futures. Sankofa is significant in African-American and understanding, making these concepts accessible and resonant identity, and intentionally and subconsciously displayed across the for people of all backgrounds. The exhibit Black/Fashion: Color diaspora. It urges reflection on the experiences of ancestors within and Culture, originated by theo tyson, Curator of Fashion Arts contemporary times. Several pieces in the museum’s collection at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston will reflect these ideas speak to this concept. Designer Mimi Plange’s hand embroidered in its afro-futurism section. Through my work in curatorial sheath dress composed of collected beads and Ted Landsmark’s research, informationalinterviews, anddesign, Iwillhelpaudience memory jug serve as two examples of the patchwork of Sankofa’s members of diverse backgrounds and demographics encounter and relevance in Black diasporic identity. This work will contribute engage with relevant fashion and art pieces prompting reflection to a larger conversation about cultural representation and nuanced on Sankofa’s meaning and enduring power. Sankofa is a Twi identities, inviting viewers to reconcile with both topics. 28 Du Bois Scholars Program When the Rainbow is Enuf: A Culturally Informed Study of Suicidality and Mental Health at HBCUs Kai Dickerson, Matthew Nock Spelman College Alumna, Incoming MPH Student at Columbia University | Psychology | 2025 The title pays homage to the choreopoem by Ntozake Shange, For Modeled after the World Mental Health International College Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide / When the Rainbow Student(WMH-ICS)Initiative,thisinauguralstudywouldimprove is Enuf, credited for giving voice to the lived experiences of Black the understanding of STB, related mental health problems (e.g., girls. Similarly, this study centers the suicidality and mental healthepression, substance use, psychosis), academic problems (e.g., of Black college students, an often underrepresented population in academic stressors, low retention and graduation rates), and research, evenassuicideremainsthesecondleadingcauseofdeath cultural stigma among HBCU students. Using a two-stage survey among all college students. (electronic screening and semi-structured interviews) throughout a four-year longitudinal study, we anticipate results producing An analysis commissioned by the United Negro College Fund valuable data for researchers, institutional administrators, policy- (UNCF) in partnership with the Healthy Minds Network and makers, clinicians, and the Black community at large. the Steve Fund, served to assess the mental health of students attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). This study will provide an updated estimate of the rate of suicidal This earlier initiative was a one-time survey that highlights the thoughts and behaviors (and related mental health concerns) scope of the problem and provides a strong foundation for the among HBCU students and a method of better identifying students current proposal. HBCU students reported significantly higher at risk. Longer-term, these results will serve as a resource levels of stigma, higher suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB), and for prevention/intervention programs, increase help-seeking and lower treatment utilization compared to the national average. This treatment, and promote de-stigmatization, ultimately decreasing challenges assumptions that HBCUs inherently offer significant morbidity, mortality, and shame surrounding Black STBs. protection in these areas. A Holistic Approach: Connecting HBCUs and Harvard for Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy Nia Dooley, Jerome Offord Delaware State University | Educational Studies | 2027 Culturally responsive education (CRE) is a student-centered the field of education and grounded theory research to identify approach to education that focuses on creating relevant spaces for a new system for the exchange of educational practice between learning that affirm the cultural identities of students by relating Harvard and HBCUs. The results of this research indicate a dire information to the lived experiences of the students. This study need for culturally responsive and sustaining educators, as well as serves to create discussions between Harvard’s Graduate School of a strong need for research materials at the HBCUs that promote Education and HBCU education departments. This collaboration culturally responsive teaching strategies. To aid in fulfilling these would create a mutualistic system of pedagogical exchange that needs, Harvard and HBCUs such as Delaware State University can supports the research capabilities of HBCU education students collaborate to alter the trajectory of the education programs at each and the development of culturally responsive educators at Harvard respective institution. The findings detailed in this paper signify who are well-equipped to lead in diverse education spaces. This theimportanceofbuildingnetworksbetweeneducatorsthatexpand study utilizes a historical analysis of HBCU education systems theuseofculturallyresponsiveeducation, leveragingstudentvoice and the early successes of Black segregated schools in teaching on every level of educational leadership, and the importance of literacy as compared to schools today to identify the culturally learningandsharingresourcescross-culturallytoestablish“Global inclusive practices that supported the growth of Black literacy. Impact.” This study also utilizes a historical analysis of Harvard’s role in TheEvaluatedResponseofListeriamonocytogenes(Lm)toaPanelofUntested Sera Beverly Duclas, Bri Manning, Darren E. Higgins Clark Atlanta University | Molecular and Cellular Biology | 2026 Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a bacterial pathogen posing cow, goat, rabbit, salmon) and whether this response is conserved a significant threat to the U.S. food industry, evidenced by across many strains. We hypothesize ruminant sera (e.g., cow and frequent recalls. High-risk populations include pregnant people, goat)inducesstrongervirulencegeneupregulationwhencompared immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and infants. Lm to non-ruminants (e.g., rabbit and salmon). We are evaluating has the highest mortality rate (20-30%) among U.S. food-borne upregulation of virulence gene expression using fluorescence pathogens. After ingestion, Lm crosses the intestinal barrier and reporter assays, western blot analysis, and quantitative real-time disseminates within the blood, targeting the developing fetus and PCR (qRT-PCR). The importance of this project lies in the ability brain. Previous studies in our lab revealed that serum, a major to determine which animal-derived sera induces virulence gene blood component, upregulates Lm virulence gene expression. Lm expression and determine the mechanism of how this occurs in canbeisolatedfromenvironmentalsources(e.g.,soilandplants)in the bacterium. Future studies will investigate the significance addition to infected animals and humans. The goal of this project of serum-induced gene upregulation for bloodstream survival, is to determine the response of Lm to a panel of untested animal- invasion of host tissues, and protective barrier crossing in animal derived sera from a variety of commonly consumed animals (e.g., models. "It's Still a Birth": A Qualitative Study of Doula Presence During Cesarean Births Talia Ford, Elysia Larson Spelman College | Global Health and Health Policy | 2026 Birth, a moment often marked as powerful, precious, and sacred, alignment, each transcript was independently coded by two co- canbecomesterileanddehumanizingwhenitshiftstotheoperating authors, with discrepancies resolved by a third. Thematic analysis or emergent, are frequently accompanied by heightened levels of interviews. This study was approved as exempt by the Institutional stress, anxiety, and disempowerment. Doulas are non-medical Review Board at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. A total professionals who provide emotional, educational, and physical of 11 doulas and 11 patients completed interviews. Patients support throughout the perinatal period. Despite the growing consistently described that when doulas were excluded from the presence of doulas in a variety of birth settings, little research OR,itresultedindistressinganddisempoweringbirthexperiences. focused on their role specifically during Cesarean births. This In contrast, when doulas were present, patients felt valued and analysis aims to understand patient and doula perspectives of understood. Doulas consistently emphasized that one of their doulas’ roles during Cesarean births. In-depth semi-structured main goals during Cesarean births is to ensure its human-centered interviews were conducted with patients and doulas who had experience. By ensuring patients are informed, grounded, and experienced or supported Cesarean births, respectively. Interviews emotionally supported, doulas actively contribute to more positive were conducted via Zoom, audio recorded, and transcribed and affirming birth experiences. Despite their supportive role, verbatim. Transcripts were uploaded to Dedoose, a qualitative doulas face significant barriers to being allowed in the OR. Future data analysis software. A codebook was developed using researchshouldfocusontheimpactofdoula-clinicianrelationships both deductive and inductive approaches. To ensure coding in facilitating doula OR access.
Abstract:
The fairness and consistency of property tax assessments have processforpersonalbenefit, systematicallyundervaluingtheirown long been concerns in academic and policy discussions, especially properties relative to comparable homes in the same jurisdiction. regarding socioeconomic disparities and the quality of local As PRIMO fellows, we worked to expand the paper’s current data assessment practices. The calculated dues are a function of the set and replicated the study’s methodology in other states. Using property tax rate and the value of the property, the latter of whicharious methodologies, we collected historical data on property is determined by the appraisals of assessors. The office of an tax assessors in states across the United States. Subsequent cross- assessor requires a moral integrity to fairly assess the value of referencing of LexisNexis and Zillow databases confirmed the citizens’ properties, yet that integrity can be compromised by identity of these assessors and the relative growth of their property assessors who exploit their authority for their own benefit or the values over time. By exploring the extent to which assessors take detriment of others. Recent work by Professors Lauren Cohen advantage of their discretionary authority, we aim to open the and Huazhi Chen gathered evidence in Illinois to show that tax discussion to how decisions made with limited oversight may be assessors may exploit the discretion inherent in the valuation manipulated in other industries as well. Development of a National Workforce Survey on State and Local Employees Jonora A. Calixte, Jessica Lasky-Fink, Elizabeth Linos Howard University | Psychology and Criminology | 2027 The Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS) measured Key constructs guided the literature review process. Some perceptions of federal workers across the United States. Data of which included beliefs about the role of government, from the FEVS was used to support decisionmakers in government and academic research in exploring key causes and consequences belonging, workplaceexperience, organizationalcommitment, and of public employee engagement and wellbeing. Despite millions perceptions of public servants. For each construct of interest, a select number of items were chosen based on popularity in of employees working within state and local governments, their the literature and reported reliability across samples. Next perspectives have gone unexplored as no comparable survey steps include further condensing and reiterating survey items and to the FEVS currently exists for employees at the municipal eventually use pilot testing to measure for validity and reliability. level. Municipal governments face unique challenges and require empirical solutions tailored to their experiences. Two audiences could benefit from a National City Survey: city leaders and academics. Cities can use this data to measure areas To address this gap, we aim to develop the first National City Survey to capture data from a population wildly underrepresented of improvement and prioritize ways to further develop. Data from thesurveywillcontributetoacademicliteraturebyuncoveringnew on a national scale. The goal is to create an annual panel dataset insightsintosupportinggovernmentemployeesandultimatelyhelp to factor into policymaking decisions, personnel management themdeliverbetterservices. TheNationalCitySurveywillprovide strategies, and to support local and state public employees. A apathwayforcityemployeestoexpresstheirperspectivesthatthey literature review was conducted to create a preliminary survey questionbankusingsourcesfromacademicliteratureandreputable haven’t been able to before. non-academic publications. Sick Homes Silent Minds: Mold’s Neuroimmune Impact on Vulnerable Communities Joseph Carter, Gary Adamkiewicz Texas Southern University | History | 2027 Raised in Detroit, Michigan, the author endured years of irritant; it poses a serious threat to cognitive function, causes undiagnosed, debilitating flu-like symptoms, including chronic chronic inflammations, and exacerbates health disparities. fatigue, headaches, and respiratory complications. Learning The research also highlights emerging solutions: wearable these symptoms were potentially the result of mold exposure spore sensors, integrated neuroimmune testing, community mold sparked a deep interest in fully understanding its impact on the education, improved building regulations, and long-term studies. brain, body, and well-being. This interest focused particularly on mold’s capacity to disrupt neuroimmune health and impact These aim to enhance early detection and prevention and empower health inequities, as it disproportionately affects under-resourcedpeople to create safe living and learning environments. This work synthesizes lived experience and scientific inquiry, communities that may be largely hidden or ignored. This study analyzed over 100 scholarly articles to examine mold’s framing mold as a public health emergency. It issues a critical effects on the immune system and brain, exposure pathways, call to action to prioritize environmental justice and address the needs of vulnerable populations and translate research into direct, and at-risk groups — like college students and low-income positive change within the community. communities. Findings reveal that mold is more than a nasal Go Back and Get It: Curating from a Sankofa Perspective Nyla Cross, theo tyson Hampton University | Journalism/Communications | 2027 Current African-American cultural practices — music, dance, concept originating from Ghana’s Akan tribe. Its conceptual fashion, performance, art — are reminiscent of West African symbol is a bird craning its neck backward to reach for an egg, traditions. They stand as enduring reminders of heritage persistingfeet firmly planted in the present yet looking to the past for through forced arrival and subsequent enslavement in the United guidance. While the symbol has various translations, one of the States. Concepts of cultural continuity, retrieval and ancestral simplest is “go back and get it.” This “it” represents ancestral veneration permeate African-American lived experience and thus, knowledge and experiences that we carry forward to inform and its art. Viewing art through this lens allows for effective curatiocreate our futures. Sankofa is significant in African-American and understanding, making these concepts accessible and resonant identity, and intentionally and subconsciously displayed across the for people of all backgrounds. The exhibit Black/Fashion: Color diaspora. It urges reflection on the experiences of ancestors within and Culture, originated by theo tyson, Curator of Fashion Arts contemporary times. Several pieces in the museum’s collection at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston will reflect these ideas speak to this concept. Designer Mimi Plange’s hand embroidered in its afro-futurism section. Through my work in curatorial sheath dress composed of collected beads and Ted Landsmark’s research, informationalinterviews, anddesign, Iwillhelpaudience memory jug serve as two examples of the patchwork of Sankofa’s members of diverse backgrounds and demographics encounter and relevance in Black diasporic identity. This work will contribute engage with relevant fashion and art pieces prompting reflection to a larger conversation about cultural representation and nuanced on Sankofa’s meaning and enduring power. Sankofa is a Twi identities, inviting viewers to reconcile with both topics. 28 Du Bois Scholars Program When the Rainbow is Enuf: A Culturally Informed Study of Suicidality and Mental Health at HBCUs Kai Dickerson, Matthew Nock Spelman College Alumna, Incoming MPH Student at Columbia University | Psychology | 2025 The title pays homage to the choreopoem by Ntozake Shange, For Modeled after the World Mental Health International College Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide / When the Rainbow Student(WMH-ICS)Initiative,thisinauguralstudywouldimprove is Enuf, credited for giving voice to the lived experiences of Black the understanding of STB, related mental health problems (e.g., girls. Similarly, this study centers the suicidality and mental healthepression, substance use, psychosis), academic problems (e.g., of Black college students, an often underrepresented population in academic stressors, low retention and graduation rates), and research, evenassuicideremainsthesecondleadingcauseofdeath cultural stigma among HBCU students. Using a two-stage survey among all college students. (electronic screening and semi-structured interviews) throughout a four-year longitudinal study, we anticipate results producing An analysis commissioned by the United Negro College Fund valuable data for researchers, institutional administrators, policy- (UNCF) in partnership with the Healthy Minds Network and makers, clinicians, and the Black community at large. the Steve Fund, served to assess the mental health of students attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). This study will provide an updated estimate of the rate of suicidal This earlier initiative was a one-time survey that highlights the thoughts and behaviors (and related mental health concerns) scope of the problem and provides a strong foundation for the among HBCU students and a method of better identifying students current proposal. HBCU students reported significantly higher at risk. Longer-term, these results will serve as a resource levels of stigma, higher suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB), and for prevention/intervention programs, increase help-seeking and lower treatment utilization compared to the national average. This treatment, and promote de-stigmatization, ultimately decreasing challenges assumptions that HBCUs inherently offer significant morbidity, mortality, and shame surrounding Black STBs. protection in these areas. A Holistic Approach: Connecting HBCUs and Harvard for Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy Nia Dooley, Jerome Offord Delaware State University | Educational Studies | 2027 Culturally responsive education (CRE) is a student-centered the field of education and grounded theory research to identify approach to education that focuses on creating relevant spaces for a new system for the exchange of educational practice between learning that affirm the cultural identities of students by relating Harvard and HBCUs. The results of this research indicate a dire information to the lived experiences of the students. This study need for culturally responsive and sustaining educators, as well as serves to create discussions between Harvard’s Graduate School of a strong need for research materials at the HBCUs that promote Education and HBCU education departments. This collaboration culturally responsive teaching strategies. To aid in fulfilling these would create a mutualistic system of pedagogical exchange that needs, Harvard and HBCUs such as Delaware State University can supports the research capabilities of HBCU education students collaborate to alter the trajectory of the education programs at each and the development of culturally responsive educators at Harvard respective institution. The findings detailed in this paper signify who are well-equipped to lead in diverse education spaces. This theimportanceofbuildingnetworksbetweeneducatorsthatexpand study utilizes a historical analysis of HBCU education systems theuseofculturallyresponsiveeducation, leveragingstudentvoice and the early successes of Black segregated schools in teaching on every level of educational leadership, and the importance of literacy as compared to schools today to identify the culturally learningandsharingresourcescross-culturallytoestablish“Global inclusive practices that supported the growth of Black literacy. Impact.” This study also utilizes a historical analysis of Harvard’s role in TheEvaluatedResponseofListeriamonocytogenes(Lm)toaPanelofUntested Sera Beverly Duclas, Bri Manning, Darren E. Higgins Clark Atlanta University | Molecular and Cellular Biology | 2026 Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a bacterial pathogen posing cow, goat, rabbit, salmon) and whether this response is conserved a significant threat to the U.S. food industry, evidenced by across many strains. We hypothesize ruminant sera (e.g., cow and frequent recalls. High-risk populations include pregnant people, goat)inducesstrongervirulencegeneupregulationwhencompared immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and infants. Lm to non-ruminants (e.g., rabbit and salmon). We are evaluating has the highest mortality rate (20-30%) among U.S. food-borne upregulation of virulence gene expression using fluorescence pathogens. After ingestion, Lm crosses the intestinal barrier and reporter assays, western blot analysis, and quantitative real-time disseminates within the blood, targeting the developing fetus and PCR (qRT-PCR). The importance of this project lies in the ability brain. Previous studies in our lab revealed that serum, a major to determine which animal-derived sera induces virulence gene blood component, upregulates Lm virulence gene expression. Lm expression and determine the mechanism of how this occurs in canbeisolatedfromenvironmentalsources(e.g.,soilandplants)in the bacterium. Future studies will investigate the significance addition to infected animals and humans. The goal of this project of serum-induced gene upregulation for bloodstream survival, is to determine the response of Lm to a panel of untested animal- invasion of host tissues, and protective barrier crossing in animal derived sera from a variety of commonly consumed animals (e.g., models. "It's Still a Birth": A Qualitative Study of Doula Presence During Cesarean Births Talia Ford, Elysia Larson Spelman College | Global Health and Health Policy | 2026 Birth, a moment often marked as powerful, precious, and sacred, alignment, each transcript was independently coded by two co- canbecomesterileanddehumanizingwhenitshiftstotheoperating authors, with discrepancies resolved by a third. Thematic analysis or emergent, are frequently accompanied by heightened levels of interviews. This study was approved as exempt by the Institutional stress, anxiety, and disempowerment. Doulas are non-medical Review Board at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. A total professionals who provide emotional, educational, and physical of 11 doulas and 11 patients completed interviews. Patients support throughout the perinatal period. Despite the growing consistently described that when doulas were excluded from the presence of doulas in a variety of birth settings, little research OR,itresultedindistressinganddisempoweringbirthexperiences. focused on their role specifically during Cesarean births. This In contrast, when doulas were present, patients felt valued and analysis aims to understand patient and doula perspectives of understood. Doulas consistently emphasized that one of their doulas’ roles during Cesarean births. In-depth semi-structured main goals during Cesarean births is to ensure its human-centered interviews were conducted with patients and doulas who had experience. By ensuring patients are informed, grounded, and experienced or supported Cesarean births, respectively. Interviews emotionally supported, doulas actively contribute to more positive were conducted via Zoom, audio recorded, and transcribed and affirming birth experiences. Despite their supportive role, verbatim. Transcripts were uploaded to Dedoose, a qualitative doulas face significant barriers to being allowed in the OR. Future data analysis software. A codebook was developed using researchshouldfocusontheimpactofdoula-clinicianrelationships both deductive and inductive approaches. To ensure coding in facilitating doula OR access.
Source:
Harvard / Ashton Brandon, Stew Stewart / 2025
Topics:
student, hbcu, doula, health, state, education, survey, experience, black, birth, assessor, property
